What is pavement and How pavement construction is carried out

What is pavement

The main aim behind providing pavement to roads is to ensure that the transmitted stresses due to wheel load are sufficiently reduced, so that they will not exceed bearing capacity of the subgrade.
Two types of pavements are generally recognized as serving this purpose, namely 
flexible pavements and rigid pavements. Here is an overview of pavement types, layers, and their functions, and pavement failures. Improper design of pavements leads to early failure of pavements affecting the riding quality.

Definition of pavement

A highway pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. The pavement structure should be able to provide a surface of acceptable riding quality, adequate skid resistance, favorable light reflecting characteristics, and low noise pollution.

Paved roads and unpaved roads

Paved roads are those which are constructed in such a way that they have much more durability and strength. on the other hand unpaved roads are conventional roads having low durability and strength as compared to paved roads. A dort road and a gravel road are examples of unpaved roads.

What is paver

Paver is often used for aesthetic purposes, generally in the form of pre-cast concrete blocks or sometimes at port facilities. these are capable for long-duration pavement loading. Pavers are rarely used in areas that see high-speed vehicle traffic. 
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Pavement cracks

Following are different typs of cracks that may arise in pavements
a) fatigue cracking
b) rutting
c) thermal cracking
d) pumping
e) faulting 
f) spalling and deterioration

Road pavement : Requirements of a pavement for roads

An ideal pavement should meet the following requirements:

• Sufficient thickness to distribute the wheel load stresses to a safe value on the sub-grade soil
• Structurally strong to withstand all types of stresses imposed upon it
• Adequate coefficient of friction to prevent skidding of vehicles
• Smooth surface to provide comfort to road users even at high speed
• Produce least noise from moving vehicles
• Dust proof surface so that traffic safety is not impaired by reducing visibility
• Impervious surface, so that sub-grade soil is well protected
• Long design life with low maintenance cost